3 Light, colour and radiometry
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This chapter currently contains the approved heading structure but no reviewed technical content.
3.1 Physical foundations of light
3.1.1 Electromagnetic spectrum and the visible band
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3.1.2 Radiometric quantities: radiant flux, irradiance, radiance
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3.1.3 Photometric quantities and the photopic response
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3.1.4 The inverse-square law and cosine law
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3.2 Interaction of light with matter
3.2.1 Specular and diffuse reflection; the BRDF
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3.2.2 Transmission, refraction and Snell’s law
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3.2.3 Absorption and fluorescence
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3.2.4 Scattering and translucency
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3.2.5 Implications for surface inspection
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3.3 Colour
3.3.1 Trichromacy and the human visual system
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3.3.2 Colour matching and the CIE XYZ system
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3.3.3 Working colour spaces: RGB, sRGB, HSV, HSL, Lab
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3.3.4 Colour temperature and illuminants
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3.3.5 White balance and colour constancy
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3.4 Polarisation
3.4.1 States of polarisation and Stokes parameters
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3.4.2 Polarisers, retarders and the Fresnel equations
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3.4.3 Polarisation-resolving sensors
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3.4.4 Industrial uses: glare suppression, stress imaging, transparent-material inspection
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